Business owners who move money, goods, or services between commonly controlled entities are subject to IRS transfer pricing rules, which require that intercompany transactions be priced as if they were conducted between unrelated parties. When those prices are not set correctly, the IRS has authority under IRC Section 482 to reallocate income and assess back taxes, interest, and penalties that can reach 20% to 40% of the resulting underpayment. With the right documentation and a deliberate approach to pricing, most small and mid-size business owners can manage this exposure without complex or costly studies.

Most business owners carry a rough estimate of what their company is worth, but that mental number is not a valuation, and the gap between the two can be costly. A formal, methodology-based business valuation is required in a wide range of situations, including selling or transferring a business, estate planning, lending, divorce, equity compensation, and shareholder disputes. Working with a credentialed valuator and involving your CPA early ensures the resulting number is defensible when it matters most.

Selling a business, rental property, or other large asset triggers a range of tax consequences, including capital gains tax, depreciation recapture, and the net investment income tax, that can result in a significantly larger bill than most sellers anticipate. Tools like installment sale elections, deal structure adjustments, and strategic closing timing can reduce that exposure, but most of them require action before the transaction is finalized. A conversation with your CPA before you enter active negotiations is the most reliable way to protect your after-tax proceeds.